Antennas as part of broadband radio equipment

D. A. Vedenkin¹, Yu. E. Sedelnikov¹

¹Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI.

DOI 10.24412/2410-9916-2026-2-081-104

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Abstract

Problem statement: During to designing broadband radio devices with antennas focused in the near-field zone, it is necessary to take into account the frequency dependence of their characteristics. For broadband signals, there is no unified approach to determining the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field, and the possibility of focusing incoherent radiation remains insufficiently studied. The purpose is to identify and analyze the properties of broadband electromagnetic fields focused by linear and planar apertures in the near-field zone, including the case of incoherent radiation. Methods. The study is based on numerical simulation of electromagnetic fields generated by continuous and discrete apertures in the near-field zone, taking into account the spectral characteristics of the radiated signal, the method of its reception, and the conditions of radiation coherence. Novelty. For the first time, a systematic comparison of the properties of focused harmonic and broadband fields in the near-field zone has been carried out. The possibility of focusing incoherent broadband radiation by synchronizing the envelopes of radio pulses is demonstrated, which makes it possible to increase the field strength in a given area without increasing the total radiation power. Result. It is established that the spatial distributions of a broadband focused field significantly depend not only on the spectrum width of the radiated signal, but also on the frequency characteristics of the receiving path, as well as on the method of using the field energy (reception mode by a linear detector or power absorption mode in the medium). It is shown that when focusing incoherent radiation, synchronization of the envelopes of radio pulses allows increasing the field strength in a given area without increasing the total radiation power. Practical relevance. The obtained results can be used in the development of antenna systems for microwave diagnostics, medical radiothermometry, special radio communication and electronic warfare, as well as for constructing energy-efficient radio links with concentration of broadband field energy in a given spatial region.

Key words

focused antennas, near-field zone, broadband signals, antenna arrays, spatial field distribution, focusing, incoherent radiation.

Reference for citation

Vedenkin D. A., Sedelnikov Yu. E. Antennas as part of broadband radio equipment. Systems of Control, Communication and Security, 2026, no. 2, pp. 81-104. DOI: 10.24412/2410-9916-2026-2-081-104 (in Russian).

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