Aerospace Attack Means by Leading Foreign Countries.
Part 4. Medium-range ballistic missile

I. E. Afonin¹, А. А. Disenov², D. A. Cherepanov², S. I. Makarenko³, R. L. Mikhailov⁴

¹Krasnodar Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots.
²Military Educational and Scientific Center of the Air Force «N.E. Zhukovsky and Y.A. Gagarin Air Force Academy» (Voronezh).
³Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University 'LETI'; Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.
⁴Military University of Radio Electronics.

DOI 10.24412/2410-9916-2026-3-051-119

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Abstract

Relevance. The increase in geopolitical tensions observed since the start of 2022 has increased the likelihood of military conflict. The use of aerospace attack means (ASAM), such as ballistic missiles, has become a hallmark of modern warfare. In some instances, a conventional conflict may escalate into a war, with medium-range ballistic missiles (MRBMs) being used for missile strikes. This research aims of the work to create descriptive model of MRBMs of leading foreign nations (LFN). In particular, MRBMs of China, Israel, India, North Korea, Iran, and Pakistan are considered: DF-17 (Dong Feng-17), Jericho 2 (YA-3), Agni II, No Dong 1/2, Taepo Dong 1, Shahab-3/4 (Ghadr-1), Sejil (Ashoura), Khorramshahr/Musudan (BM-25), Hatf 5 (Ghauri), and Hatf 6 (Shaheen 2). The model is based solely on open source information. The results and their novelty. The descriptive model of IRBMs is presented in the paper. The generalized tactical and technical characteristics of typical MRBMs LFN are an element of novelty of the work. Practical significance. The results of this study will contribute to the existing body of knowledge regarding MRBMs, providing valuable insights into the complexities of these systems and their potential impact on global security. The descriptive model of MRBMs will be useful for specialized specialists to substantiate the requirements for the tactical and technical characteristics of promising aerospace defense systems and methods of their combat use to ensure the protection of the Russian Federation.

Key words

means of aerospace attack, descriptive model, Medium-range ballistic missile, tactical and technical characteristics, warhead, combat unit.

Reference for citation

Afonin I. E., Disenov А. А., Cherepanov D. А., Makarenko S. I., Mikhailov R. L. Aerospace Attack Means by Leading Foreign Countries. Part 4. Medium-range ballistic missile. Systems of Control, Communication and Security, 2025, no. 3, pp. 51-119. DOI: 10.24412/2410-9916-2025-3-051-119 (in Russian).

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