Analysis of Papers, Models, and Current Research Areas in the Field of Air Defense. Part 1. Modeling of Actions to Repel an Air Strike. Detection, Identification, Recognition, Tracking and Target Allocation of Air Objects

Sergey Makarenko¹, Ilya Afonin², Alim Tkhakakhov³

¹Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University 'LETI'.
²Krasnodar Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots.
³Military Academy of Communications.

DOI 10.24412/2410-9916-2026-2-238-310

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Abstract

Relevance. Analysis of modern military conflicts shows that air defense (AD) is an important component of success in combat operations. Therefore, it is advisable to develop a scientific and methodological framework for the combat use of air defense forces and equipment and to improve their combat effectiveness. This development can be based on a thorough and comprehensive analysis of the existing scientific background in this area. Therefore, it is relevant to analyze existing works and models, approaches to modeling, and current research areas in the AD field. The purpose of this work is to analyze existing publications, models, and approaches to modeling, as well as current research areas in the AD field. In this part of the work, special attention is given to modeling the actions of AD forces and equipment in repelling air strikes, as well as detecting, identifying, recognizing, tracking, and targeting air objects. The methods used. The solution to this problem is based on the use of analysis, induction, and deduction methods from the theory of logic. Result. Based on the analysis of more than 180 publicly available sources, the general and specific patterns of research on AD actions and their effectiveness assessment have been identified, including the modeling of AD forces and assets in repelling air strikes, as well as the detection, identification, recognition, tracking, and target allocation of air objects. Novelty. The novelty of the work lies in the identification of general and specific patterns and approaches to the study of AD combat operations and their combat effectiveness based on the use of various modeling approaches and scientific and methodological tools. Practical significance. The presented analysis can be used by technical specialists to justify new technological solutions for improving AD systems and complexes, as well as by military specialists to justify new methods of armed combat in the air, taking into account the prospects for improving AD systems. Additionally, this analysis will be useful for researchers and applicants conducting scientific studies in the AD field.

Key words

combat operations, simulation, combat operations simulation, air defense, air attack means, aerospace attack means, anti-aircraft missile system, air defense forces, airspace review, radar station, optoelectronic station, acoustic monitoring, radio engineering reconnaissance, air enemy, detection of air objects, identification of air objects, identification of state affiliation, recognition of air objects, tracking of air objects, targeting of air objects, unmanned aerial vehicle, aircraft, flying vehicle.

Reference for citation

Makarenko S. I., Afonin I. E., Tkhakakhov A. A. Analysis of Papers, Models, and Current Research Areas in the Field of Air Defense. Part 1. Modeling of Actions to Repel an Air Strike. Detection, Identification, Recognition, Tracking and Target Allocation of Air Objects. Systems of Control, Communication and Security, 2026, no. 2, pp. 238-310. DOI: 10.24412/2410-9916-2026-2-238-310 (in Russian).

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